JAMB Topics for Biology 2026 | PDF Free Download

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This page contains the official JAMB Topics for Biology, sourced directly from JAMB’s Biology syllabus.

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JAMB Topics for Biology
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JAMB Topics for Biology

BROAD TOPIC	SUB-TOPICS
A. Variety of Organisms	Characteristics of living organisms; Cell structure and functions; Levels of organization in living organisms; Evolution among Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Pteridophyta, and Spermatophyta; Evolution in Animalia (invertebrates and vertebrates); Structural, functional, and behavioural adaptations; Adaptive colouration and its functions; Behavioural adaptations in social animals; Structural adaptations in organisms; Advancement of animals and their economic importance
B. Form and Functions	Internal structure of a flowering plant; Internal structure of a mammal (excretory and reproductive organs); Modes of nutrition (autotrophic and heterotrophic); Types of nutrition; Plant nutrition – photosynthesis and mineral requirements; Animal nutrition – classes of food substances, food tests, mammalian tooth, and alimentary canal; Nutrition process – ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation; Transport – need and materials, circulatory and vascular systems, media and mechanisms; Respiration – organs, surfaces, and mechanisms of gaseous exchange; Aerobic and anaerobic respiration; Excretion – types of excretory structures and mechanisms (kidneys, lungs, skin), excretory products of plants; Support and movement in organisms – tropic, tactic, nastic, and sleep movements; Supporting tissues in animals; Types and functions of skeletons
C. Ecology	Factors affecting distribution of organisms (abiotic and biotic); Symbiotic interactions of plants and animals; Energy flow in ecosystem (food chains and webs); Nutrient cycling – carbon, water, and nitrogen cycles; Natural habitats – aquatic, terrestrial, and arboreal; Local (Nigerian) biomes; Population density and overcrowding; Adaptation for survival and competition; Intra- and inter-specific competition; Competition and succession; Factors affecting population size (biotic and abiotic); Ecological succession; Soil – types, characteristics, and components (organic, inorganic, air, water, organisms); Soil fertility and conservation; Diseases – common, endemic, and transmissible; Pollution – sources, types, effects, and control; Sanitation and sewage; Conservation of natural resources; Game reserves and national parks
D. Heredity and Variations	Morphological and physiological variations in population; Application of discontinuous variation; Heredity – heritable and non-heritable characters; Chromosomes and transmission of hereditary characters; Probability in genetics and sex determination; Sex-linked characters; Application of heredity in agriculture and medicine
E. Evolution	Theories of evolution – Lamarck, Darwin, and organic theory; Evidence of evolution – fossils, anatomy, physiology, and genetics