Linear Motion, Types of Motion, Others [Free JAMB Tutorial on Physics]

This Physics Tutorial will focus on the Laws of Motion, Linear Momentum, and Collisions. At the end of the tutorial, you can download it for FREE. Please share this page with your friends who may need it.

Tutorial on our FREE TUTORIAL SERIES, we will be treating LINEAR MOTION. We will show you the types of motion, and terms associated with linear motion. We will solve some questions lifted from JAMB past questions.

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Let’s proceed with the tutorial for today…

Page Contents

LINEAR MOTION
TYPES OF MOTION
TRANSLATION MOTION:
ROTATIONAL MOTION:
OSCILLATORY:
TERMS ASSOCIATED TO LINEAR MOTION
EQUATION OF LINEAR MOTION
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LINEAR MOTION

Motion, in physics, change with time of the position of a body. Motion along a line or a curve is called translation. In both cases all points in the body have the same velocity and the same acceleration (time rate of change of velocity). The most general kind of motion combines both translation and rotation.

TYPES OF MOTION

Motion may be divided into three basic types — translational, rotational, and oscillatory.

TRANSLATION MOTION:

Translational motion is the motion by which a body shifts from one point in space to another. One example of translational motion is the the motion of a bullet fired from a gun.

ROTATIONAL MOTION:

Rotational motion deals only with rigid bodies. A rigid body is an object that retains its overall shape, meaning that the particles that make up the rigid body remain in the same position relative to one another. A wheel and rotor of a motor are common examples of rigid bodies that commonly appear in questions involving rotational motion.

OSCILLATORY:

Oscillatory motion can be termed as the repeated motion in which an object repeats the same movement over and over.

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TERMS ASSOCIATED TO LINEAR MOTION

ACCELERATION is the rate of change of velocity with time. The SI units for acceleration are m / s2 (meters per second squared or meters per second per second) (a = Δv ÷ Δt.)

VELOCITY: The velocity of an object is the rate of change of its position with respect to a frame of reference, and is a function of time

INITIAL VELOCITY: The initial velocity, (u) is the velocity of the object before acceleration causes a change.

DEACCELERATION: Deceleration is the opposite of acceleration. It is the rate at which an object slows down. Deceleration is the final velocity minus the initial velocity, with a negative sign in the result because the velocity is dropping.

EQUATION OF LINEAR MOTION

Question and answer from past jamb question under linear motion

A train with an initial velocity of 20ms-1 is subjected to a uniform deceleration of 2ms-2. The time required to bring the train to a complete halt is
a. 40s
b. 5s
c. 10s
d. 20s

Solution

V= u+at
V=0; u=20ms-1; -a =2ms-2 t=?
0= 20+(-2*t)
0=20+(-2t)
Crossing sign of equality
-20=-2t
t = -20/-2
t= 10s
Note deaccreation is the opposite of acceleration it must always bear a negative sign(-)

A motorcyclist travelling at 30 ms-1 starts to apply his brakes when he is 50 m from the traffic light that has just turned red. If he just reached the traffic light, his deceleration is
A. 5 m s-2
B. 9 m s-2
C. 10 m s-2
D. 18 m s-2

Solution

V = 30 ms^-1Distance = 50cm
Therefore S = 50m
V² = u² + 2as
30² = 0² + 2 x a x 50
900 = 0 + 100a
a = 900/100
a = 9ms^-2

Exercise:

The velocity v of a particle in a time t is given by the equation v = 10 + 2t Find the instantaneous velocity after 5 seconds.
a) 10 ms^-1
b) 15 ms^-1
c) 20 ms^-1
d) 60 ms^-1

Please use the comment box below to drop your answers.